https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2020.1058
Development and evaluation of sago (Metroxylon sagu) pith extractor
Published: 21 July 2020
Abstract Views: 1569
PDF: 657
HTML: 643
HTML: 643
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Among the significant problems in the sago processing, the extraction of the starch from its trunk tops the list. The extraction process involves a debarking and rasping process that is very tedious, unsanitary and time consuming that dramatically affects the quality of starch production since the local processor relies mainly on conventional method of extraction. This paper presents the design, fabrication and performance evaluation of sago pith extraction machine. The design concept made was to rasp the sago pith using a rotating rasper without debarking the log to minimize the steps on the extraction process. Four different teeth spacing of the rasper were considered during the testing and replicated three times; 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, and no teeth as controlled parameters, respectively. Results revealed that teeth spacing has a significant effect on the performance of the machine such as extraction capacity, extraction efficiency and fineness of rasped pith. Based on average, the highest extraction capacity was recorded at 217.47 kg/h using 3 cm teeth spacing, and the highest extraction efficiency was 96.12% using 2 cm teeth spacing and the finest rasped pith having the lowest fineness modulus of 2.15 was when 1 cm teeth spacing is used. Compared to manual and other existing mechanical rasper accounting the process of debarking, machine’s extraction capacity is higher, more efficient, safer and hygienic. Cost and benefit analysis supports that the machine is profitable and the financial efficiency is high having a 65% rate of return and 1.8 years payback period.
Ave J. B. 1977. Sago in Insular South-East Asia: Historical Aspects and Contemporary Use. In Proceedings 1st International Sago Symposium. Kuching, Malaysia, p21-30.
Bintoro M. 2011. Progress of Sago Research in Indonesia. In Proc. 10th International Sago Symposium, Sago for Food Security, Bio-energy, and Industry from Research to Market. Bogor, Indonesia, pp16-34.
Cecil J.E. 1992. Small-,Medium-and Large-Scale Starch Processing. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 98, Rome, Italy.
Darma 2015. Development of Sago Starch Processing Equipment. Ph. D. Thesis, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Japan.
Darma, Istalaksana P. 2011. Traditional Processing of Sago in Papua Province. In Proceedings 10th International Sago Symposium, Sago for food security, Bio-energy, and Industry from Research to Market. Bogor, Indonesia, pp115-116.
Darma, Wang X., Kito K. 2014. Development of Sago Starch Extractor with Stirrer Rotary Blade for Improving Extraction Performance. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET).
Edwards W. 2015. Estimating Farm Machinery Costs. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. Iowa, USA. Available from: https://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/crops/html/a3-29.html.
Flach M. 1997. Metroxylon Sagu Rottb. Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatesleben/International Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, Italy, pp. 76.
Flores D.M. 2004. Sago: from forgotten palm to crop par excellence. Conference Proceedings, Crop Science Society of the Philippines Annual Conference. p.14, Davao City, Philippines.
Kamal S.M.M., Mahmud S.N., Hussain S.A., Ahmadun F.R. 2007. Improvement on Sago Flour Processing. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), Vol.4, No. 1, pp.8-14.
Karim A.A., Peiâ€Lang Tie A., Manan D.M.A., Zaidul I.S.M. 2008. Starch from the Sago (Metroxylon sagu) Palm Tree—Properties, Prospects, and Challenges as a New Industrial Source for Food and Other Uses. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. Institute of Food Technologists.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00042.x
Khurmi, R.S., Gupta, J.K. 2005. A Textbook of Machine Design (S.I. Units). Eurasia Publishing House (pvt.) Ltd. Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110 055.
Lema K., Morales N.J. 2018. Philippines' slowing GDP growth dims prospect of rate hike. Business News, Thomson Reuters. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-economy-gdp/philippines-slowing-gdp-growth-dims-prospect-of-rate-hike-idUSKCN1ND0PT.
Loreto A.B., Quevedo M.A., Mariscal A.M., Okazaki M., Toyota K. 2006. Improvement of the Traditional Sago Starch Processing in the Philippines through Mechanization. Philippine Root Crop Research and Training Center, Leyte State University, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines.
McClactchey W., Manner H.I., Elevitch C.R. 2006. Metroxylon amicarum, M. paulcoxii, M. sagu, M. salomonense, M. vitiense and M. warburgii (sago palm), Arecaceae (palm family). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry.
Mustafa Kamal M., Baini R., Mohamaddan S., Henry Ragai A.R., Soh Fong L., Abdul Rahman N., Mili N., Taib S.N.L., Othman A.K., Abdullah M.O. 2017. Comparisons of the physicochemical and functional properties of commercially and traditionally processed sago starch, MATEC Web of Conferences. Sarawak, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20178703007
Nevada Personal Property Manual 2016-2017. 2017. Nevada Department of Taxation. Division of Local Government Services. Nevada, USA.
Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards 301:2000 (PAES 301:2000). 2000. Engineering Materials - V-belts and Pulleys for Agricultural Machines.
Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard 303:2000 (PAES 303:2000). 2000. Engineering Materials -Roller Chains and Sprockets for Agricultural Machines.
Ruddle K., Johnson D., Townsend P.K., Rees J.D. 1978. Palm sago: A Tropical Starch from Marginal Lands. Honolulu, Hawaii: Univ. Press of Hawaii.
Santillan J.R. 2013. Sago Project II.3: Mapping Sago Habitats and Sago Suitable Sites Using Optical and Radar Image Analysis and Suitability Relationships. Training Center for Applied Geodesy and Photogrammetry. University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
Singhal R.S. Kennedy J.F., Gopalakrishnan S.M., Kaczmarek A., Knill C.J., Akmar P.F. 2008. Industrial production, processing, and utilization of sago palm-derived products. Carbohydrate polymers v.72 no.1 pp. 1-20. Science Direct.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.07.043
Sta. Maria H. B. 2000. Engineering Economy 3rd Edition. National Bookstore. Philippines.
USAID-Philippines Final Report. 2013. Challenges in Pricing Electric Power Services in Selected ASEAN Countries. Available from: http://www.catif.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Challenges-in-Pricing-Electric-Power-Services.pdf.
How to Cite
Bagasbas, J. M. and Barroca, R. B. (2020) “Development and evaluation of sago (<em>Metroxylon sagu</em>) pith extractor”, Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 51(3), pp. 140–147. doi: 10.4081/jae.2020.1058.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Paolo Barge, Paolo Gay, Valentina Merlino, Cristina Tortia, Passive ultra high frequency radio frequency identification systems for single-item identification in food supply chains , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 48 No. 1 (2017)
- Najmun Nahar, Alex Otieno Owino, Sayful Kabir Khan, Zakaria Hossain, Noma Tamaki, Effects of controlled burn rice husk ash on geotechnical properties of the soil , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 52 No. 4 (2021)
- Senanur Durgut Malçok, Azime Özkan Karabacak, Ertürk Bekar, Cüneyt Tunçkal, Canan Ece Tamer, Influence of a hybrid drying combined with infrared and heat pump dryer on drying characteristics, colour, thermal imaging and bioaccessibility of phenolics and antioxidant capacity of mushroom slices , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 54 No. 3 (2023)
- Davide Boscaro, Andrea Pezzuolo, Stefano Grigolato, Raffaele Cavalli, Francesco Marinello, Luigi Sartori, Preliminary analysis on mowing and harvesting grass along riverbanks for the supply of anaerobic digestion plants in north-eastern Italy , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 46 No. 3 (2015)
- Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis, Simone Pascuzzi, Giacomo Scarascia-Mugnozza, Geothermal source heat pump performance for a greenhouse heating system: an experimental study , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 47 No. 3 (2016)
- Andrea Casson, Valentina Giovenzana, Alessio Tugnolo, Alessia Pampuri, Ilaria Fiorindo, Roberto Beghi, Riccardo Guidetti, Assessment of an expanded-polypropylene isothermal box to improve logistic sustainability of catering services , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 52 No. 2 (2021)
- Frank Agyen Dwomoh, Xingye Zhu, Alexander Fordjour, Junping Liu, Shouqi Yuan, Hong Li, Structural design and performance characteristics of the fluidic sprinkler application technology for saving irrigation water: a review , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 54 No. 2 (2023)
- Marco Togni, Alberto Cavalli, Davide Mannozzi, Chestnut: from coppice to structural timber. The case study of "Uso Fiume" beams sampled in Liguria , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 44 No. s2 (2013): Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Italian Society of Agricultural Engineering
- Fabrizio Sarghini, Prospero Di Pierro, Antonio Veneruso, Paolo Masi, Scale-up analysis and critical issues of an experimental pilot plant for edible film production using agricultural waste processing , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 43 No. 4 (2012)
- Giuseppe Rossi, Leonardo Conti, Lorenzo Fiorineschi , Massimiliano Marvasi, Massimo Monti, Federico Rotini, Marco Togni, Matteo Barbari, A new eco-friendly packaging material made of straw and bioplastic , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 51 No. 4 (2020)
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
