https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2021.1135
Improving natural ventilation in renovated free-stall barns for dairy cows: Optimized building solutions by using a validated computational fluid dynamics model
Published: 18 March 2021
Abstract Views: 2483
PDF: 840
HTML: 278
HTML: 278
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Natural ventilation is the most used system to create suitable conditions, removing gases, introducing oxygen in livestock buildings. Its efficiency depends on several factors and above all on the number, the dimensions and the position of wall openings and internal layout of livestock buildings. The aim of this research was to develop optimized layout solutions for improving natural ventilation effectiveness in free-stall barns for dairy cows by using a CFD approach. A validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was applied in a case study which is highly representative of building interventions for renovating the layout of free-stall barns for dairy cows located in an area of the Mediterranean basin. Firstly, dairy cow behaviour was analysed by visual examination of time-lapse video-recordings. Then, simulations were carried out by using the validated CFD model and changing the position of internal and external building elements (i.e., internal office and external buildings for milking) in order to find the best condition for the thermal comfort of the animals. The results showed that the best conditions were recorded for a new configuration of the building in terms of air velocity distribution within the resting area, the service alley and the feeding alley for dairy cows, and in the pens for calves. In this new layout, the office areas and the north-west wall openings were located by mirroring them along the transversal axis of the barn. Therefore, the CFD approach proposed in this study could be used during the design phase, as a decision support system aimed at improving the natural ventilation within the barn.
Allen J.D., Hall L.W., Collier R.J., Smith J.F. 2015. Effect of core body temperature, time of day, and climate conditions on behavioral patterns of lactating dairy cows experiencing mild to moderate heat stress. J. Dairy Sci. 98:118-127.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7704
Anderson J.D. 1995. Computational fluid dynamics. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
Avendaño-Reyes L., Ãlvarez-Valenzuela F.D., Correa-Calderón A., Algándar-Sandoval A., RodrÃguez-González E., Pérez-Velázquez R., MacÃas-Cruz U., DÃaz-Molina R., Robinson P.H., Fadel J.C. 2010. Comparison of three cooling management systems to reduce heat stress in lactating Holstein cows during hot and dry ambient conditions. Livestock Sci. 132:48-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.04.020
Avendaño-Reyes L., Hernández-Rivera J.A., Ãlvarez-Valenzuela F.D., MacÃas-Cruz U., DÃaz-Molina R., Correa-Calderón A., Robinson P.H., Fadel J.G. 2012. Physiological and productive responses of multiparous lactating Holstein cows exposed to short-term cooling during severe summer conditions in an arid region of Mexico. Int. J. Biometeorol. 56:993-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0510-x
Bailey T., Sheets J., McClary D., Smith S., Bridges A. 2016. Heat abatement. Elanco Dairy Business Unit.
Bartzis J.G., Vlachogiannis D., Sfetsos A. 2004. Thematic area 5: Best practice advice for environmental flows. QNET-CFD Network Newsl 2:34-9.
Bava L., Tamburini A., Penati C., Riva E., Mattachini G., Provolo G., Sandrucci A. 2012. Effects of feeding frequency and environmental conditions on dry matter intake, milk yield and behaviour of dairy cows milked in conventional or automatic milking systems. Ital. J. Animal Sci. 11:230-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2012.e42
Berman A. 2008. Increasing heat stress relief produced by coupled coat wetting and forced ventilation. J. Dairy Sci. 91:4571-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1175
Berman A. 2010. Forced heat loss from body surface reduces heat flow to body surface. J. Dairy Sci. 93:242-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2601
Bjerg B., Norton T., Banhazi T., Zhang G., Bartzanas T., Liberati P., Cascone G., Lee I.B., Marucci A. 2013. Modelling of ammonia emissions from naturally ventilated livestock buildings: Part 1, ammonia release modelling. Biosyst. Eng, 116:232-45.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2013.08.001
Bjerg B.S., Wang X., Zhang G. 2016. The effect of air velocity on heat stress at increased air temperature. Paper presented at CIGR - AgEng conference, Aarhus, Denmark.
Bournet P.E., Boulard T. 2010. Effect of ventilator configuration on the distributed climate of greenhouses: a review of experimental and CFD studies. Comput. Electr. Agric. 94:47-57.
Cascone G., Failla A., D’Emilio A., Porto S.M.C. 2004. Classificazione tipologica e ipotesi di riorganizzazione funzionale delle stalle per bovine da latte nell’area iblea. Tecn. Agric. 3-4.
Chen X.Y., Zheng B., Hou K.M. 2012. Building design and natural ventilation. China Power Press, Beijing, China.
Cook N.B., Mentink R.L., Bennett T.B., Burgi K. 2007. The effect of heat stress and lameness on time budgets of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90:1674-82.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-634
Davis S., Mader T.L. 2003. Adjustments for wind speed and solar radiation to the temperature-humidity index. Nebraska Beef Cattle Rep. 224.
D’Emilio A., Porto S.M.C., Cascone G., Bella M., Gulino M. 2017. Mitigating heat stress of dairy cows bred in a free-stall barn by sprinkler systems coupled with forced ventilation. J. Agric. Eng. 2017:691.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2017.691
D’Emilio A., Cascone G., Lanteri P., Porto S.M.C. 2018. Effects of different cooling systems on heat stress and behaviour of dairy cows. CIGR Journal.
DeVries T.J., von Keyserlingk M.A.G., Weary D.M., Beauchemin K.A. 2003. Technical note: validation of a system for monitoring feeding behavior of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:3571-4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73962-9
DeVries T.J., Von Keyserlingk M.A.G., Weary D.M. 2004. Effect of feeding space on the inter-cow distance, aggression, and feeding behavior of free-stall housed lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87:1432-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73293-2
Etheridge D. 2015. A perspective on fifty years of natural ventilation research. Build Environ. 91:51-60.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.033
Fagundes B., Damasceno F., Andrade R., Obando F., Alexander J., Barbari M., Nascimento J. 2020. Comparison of airflow homogeneity in Compost Dairy Barns with different ventilation systems using the CFD model. Agron. Res. 18:788.
Fournel S., Ouellet V., Charbonneau E. 2017. Practices for alleviating heat stress of dairy cows in humid continental climates: a literature review. Animals. 7:37.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani7050037
Gaspari J., Fabbri K., Cancellari T., Corazzi G., Vodola V. 2017. The use of building performance simulation to support architectural design: a case study. Procedia Eng. 121:205-10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.346
Guo W., Liu X., Yuan X. 2015a. A case study on optimization of building design based on CFD simulation technology of wind environment. Procedia Eng. 121:225-31.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.1060
Guo W., Liu X., Yuan X. 2015b. Study on natural ventilation design optimization based on CFD simulation for green buildings. Procedia Eng. 121:573-81.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.1036
Kadzere C.T., Murphy M.R., Silanikove N., Maltz E. 2002. Heat stress in lactating dairy cows: a review. Livestock Prod. Sci. 77:59-91.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(01)00330-X
Méndez C., San José J.F., Villafruela J.M., Castro F. 2008. Optimization of a hospital room by means of CFD for more efficient ventilation. Energ. Buildings. 40:849-54.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.06.003
Norton T., Sun D.W., Grant J., Fallon R., Dodd V. 2007. Applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the modelling and design of ventilation systems in the agricultural industry: a review. Bioresour. Technol 98:2386-414.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.025
O’Driscoll K., Boyle L., Hanlon A. 2009. The effect of breed and housing system on dairy cow feeding and lying behaviour. Appl. Animal Behav. Sci. 116:156-62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2008.08.003
Porto S.M.C., D’Emilio A., Cascone G. 2017. On the influence of the alternation of two different cooling systems on dairy cow daily activities. J. Agric. Eng, 2017:577.
Provolo G., Riva E. 2009. One year study of lying and standing behaviour of dairy in frestall barn in Italy. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 40:27-33.
Ruzal M., Shinder D., Malka I., Yahav S. 2011. Ventilation plays an important role in hens’ egg production at high ambient temperature. Poult. Sci. J. 90:856-62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-00993
Shen X., Zhang G., Wu W., Bjerg B. 2013. Model-based control of natural ventilation in dairy buildings. Comput. Electron. Agr. 94:47-57.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2013.02.007
Seo I.H., Lee I.B., Moon O.K., Kim H.T., Hwang H.S., Hong S.W., Bitog J.P., Yoo J.I., Kwon K.S., Kim Y.H., Han J.W. 2009. Improvement of the ventilation system of a naturally ventilated broiler house in the cold season using computational simulations. Biosyst. Eng. 104:106-17.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.05.007
Dati SIAS. 2016. Available online: www.sias.regione.sicilia.it Accessed: 15 April 2018.
Song J., Meng X., 2015. The improvement of ventilation design in school buildings using CFD simulation. Procedia Eng, 121:1475-81.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.09.073
Tomasello N., Valenti F., Cascone G., Porto S.M.C. 2019. Development of a CFD model to simulate natural ventilation in a semi-open free-stall barn for dairy cows. Buildings 9:183.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9080183
Vanhoudt A., Van Winden S., Fishwick J.C., Bell N.J. 2015. Monitoring cow comfort and rumen health indices in a cubicle-housed herd with an automatic milking system: A repeated measures approach. Ir. Vet. J. 68:368-762.
Vilela M.O., Gates R.S., Martins M.A., Barbari M., Conti L., Rossi L., Zolnier S., Teles Jr C.G.S., Zanetoni H.H.R., Andrade R.R., Tinôco I.F.F. 2019. Computational fluids dynamics (CFD) in the spatial distribution of air velocity in prototype designed for animal experimentation in controlled environments. Agron. Res. 17:890-9.
How to Cite
Tomasello, N. (2021) “Improving natural ventilation in renovated free-stall barns for dairy cows: Optimized building solutions by using a validated computational fluid dynamics model”, Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 52(1). doi: 10.4081/jae.2021.1135.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Xingbo Hu, Tian Xia, Leidong Yang, Fangming Wu, Ying Fan, Yinghong Tian, 3D modeling and volume measurement of bulk grains stored in large warehouses using bi-temporal multi-site terrestrial laser scanning data , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 55 No. 1 (2024)
- Edwin Andrés Villagrán, Carlos Ricardo Bojacá, Effects of surrounding objects on the thermal performance of passively ventilated greenhouses , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 50 No. 1 (2019)
- Giacomo Costagli, Matteo Betti, Avocado oil extraction processes: method for cold-pressed high-quality edible oil production versus traditional production , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 46 No. 3 (2015)
- Roy Latsch, Joachim Sauter, Optimisation of hot-water application technology for the control of broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 45 No. 4 (2014)
- Adeel Rafiq, Wook Ho Na, Adnan Rasheed, Jong Won Lee, Hyeon Tae Kim, Hyun Woo Lee, Measurement of longwave radiative properties of energy-saving greenhouse screens , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 52 No. 3 (2021)
- Daniela Vanella, Filippo Ferlito, Biagio Torrisi, Alessio Giuffrida, Salvatore Pappalardo, Daniela Saitta, Giuseppe Longo-Minnolo, Simona Consoli, Long-term monitoring of deficit irrigation regimes on citrus orchards in Sicily , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 52 No. 4 (2021)
- Ana Carolina Donofre, Iran José Oliveira da Silva, Aérica Cirqueira Nazareno, Iuri Emmanuel de Paula Ferreira, Mechanical vibrations in the transport of hatching eggs and the losses caused in the hatch and quality of broiler chicks , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 48 No. 1 (2017)
- Sergio Castellano, Pietro Santamaria, Francesco Serio, Solar radiation distribution inside a monospan greenhouse with the roof entirely covered by photovoltaic panels , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 47 No. 1 (2016)
- Lucia Recchia, Daniele Sarri, Marco Rimediotti, Paolo Boncinelli, Enrico Cini, Marco Vieri, Towards the environmental sustainability assessment for the viticulture , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 49 No. 1 (2018)
- Enrica Santolini, Alberto Barbaresi, Daniele Torreggiani, Patrizia Tassinari, Numerical simulations for the optimisation of ventilation system designed for wine cellars , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 50 No. 4 (2019)
<< < 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
