https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2024.1635
Understanding land use and land cover change in a prolonged conflict affected farming system: the case of Tuban district, Yemen
Published: 15 November 2024
Abstract Views: 390
PDF: 221
HTML: 5
HTML: 5
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
A growing body of evidence suggests the worsened decline in the productivity of land resources is cascading risks on vulnerable populations in Yemen, but recent research rarely focuses on this geographical area. This study uses the most extended space-based dataset, Landsat, to evaluate land use and land cover change from 1993 to 2023 in Tuban district, a threatened biodiversity hotspot in Yemen. The paper also assessed the drivers of the change and suggested recommendations. Based on the information obtained from the field observations, the study adopted six land use types (annual cropland, perennial farmland, shrubland, riverine trees, settlement, and bare land). Results showed that between 1993 and 2023, the yearly cropland and the riverine vegetation decreased by 30.19% and 52.55%, respectively. Likewise, the shrubland showed a 63.35% decrease. On the other hand, the settlement area and bare land increased by 574.12% and 15.81%, respectively. Population growth, shortage of rain, desert locusts, lack/shortage of agricultural inputs, and the impacts of the ongoing conflict and civil war have contributed to land use and land cover change. To halt the harmful effects of land use and land cover change, awareness development, development of locally adaptive improved seeds, afforestation, and institutional capacity development interventions are suggested as likely solutions.
Abdlwahed, A.M., Ali Farrag, F., Alnoban, M.S. (2008). Land cover / land use change detection using landsat satellite images: Case study in Aden Governorate, Republic of Yemen. J. Eng. Sci. 36:787-798.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/jesaun.2008.116408
Al-Akad, S., Akensous, Y., Hakdaoui, M., Al-Nahmi, F., Mahyoub, S., Khanbari, K., Swadi, H. (2019). Mapping of land-cover change analysis in ma’rib at yemen using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. XLII-4/W12:1–10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W12-1-2019
AlMunifi, A.A., Aleryani, A.Y. (2021). Internal efficiency of Higher education system in armed conflict-affected countries-Yemen case. Int. J. Educ. Dev. 83:102394.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102394
Al-Saidi, M., Roach, E.L., Al-Saeedi, B.A.H. (2020). Conflict resilience of water and energy supply infrastructure: insights from Yemen. Water 12:3269.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113269
Alshari, E.A., Gawali, B.W. (2022). Modeling land use change in Sana’a City of Yemen with MOLUSCE. J. Sensors 2022:1-15.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7419031
Arora, N.K. (2018). Environmental sustainability—necessary for survival. Environ. Sustain. 1:1-2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-018-0013-3
Braimoh, A.K. (2006). Random and systematic land-cover transitions in northern Ghana. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 113:254-263.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.10.019
Costa, H., Almeida, D., Vala, F., Marcelino, F. (2018). Land cover mapping from remotely sensed and auxiliary data for harmonized official statistics. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 7:157.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7040157
Dammag, A.Q., Jian, D., Cong, G., Derhem, B.Q., Latif, H. Z. (2023). Predicting spatio-temporal land use / land cover changes and their drivers forces based on a cellular automated Markov model in Ibb City, Yemen. Geocarto Int. 38:2268059.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2023.2268059
Elnakib, S., Elaraby, S., Othman, F., BaSaleem, H., Abdulghani AlShawafi, N.A., Saleh Al-Gawfi, I.A., et al. (2021). Providing care under extreme adversity: The impact of the Yemen conflict on the personal and professional lives of health workers. Soc. Sci. Med. 272:113751.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113751
FAO. (2023). Food policy monitoring in the Near East and North Africa Region. 2nd Quarter 2023 | Bulletin. Cairo. Available from: https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cc7153en
Hammelman, C. (2022). Entanglements of social justice, sustainability governance, and land tenure: a literature review. In: Greening cities by growing food. Cham, Springer. pp. 21–40
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88296-9_2
Hannam, I. (2022). Soil governance and land degradation neutrality. Soil Secur. 6:100030.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2021.100030
Hekmat, H., Ahmad, T., Singh, S.K., Kanga, S., Meraj, G., Kumar, P. (2023). Land use and land cover changes in Kabul, Afghanistan focusing on the drivers impacting urban dynamics during five decades 1973–2020. Geomatics 3:447-464.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/geomatics3030024
Hourani, N. (2015). Capitalists in conflict: the Lebanese civil war reconsidered. Mid. East Crit. 24:137-160.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2015.1012842
Kallio, E. (2015). Land degradation in war and conflict regions. Yale Environmental Review. Available from: https://environment-review.yale.edu/land-degradation-war-and-conflict-regions-0
Kindu, M., Schneider, T., Teketay, D., Knoke, T. (2013). Land use/land cover change analysis using object-based classification approach in the munessa-shashemene landscape of the Ethiopian highlands. Remote Sens. (Basel) 5:2411-35.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5052411
Kopittke, P.M., Minasny, B., Pendall, E., Rumpel, C., McKenna, B.A. (2023). Healthy soil for healthy humans and a healthy planet. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 54:210-221.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2023.2228651
Lillesand, T.M., Kiefer, R.W. (1994). Remote sensing and image interpretation. Hoboken, J. Wiley & Sons.
Mariye, M., Maryo, M., Li, J. (2022). The study of land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics and the perception of local people in Aykoleba, Northern Ethiopia. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens. 50:775-789.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-021-01462-y
Meshesha, T.W., Tripathi, S.K., Khare, D. (2016). Analyses of land use and land cover change dynamics using GIS and remote sensing during 1984 and 2015 in the Beressa Watershed Northern Central Highland of Ethiopia. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 2:1-12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-016-0233-4
Mitri, G., Nader, M., Van der Molen, I., Lovett, J. (2014). Evaluating exposure to land degradation in association with repetitive armed conflicts in North Lebanon using multi-temporal satellite data. Environ. Monit. Assess. 186:7655-7672.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3957-5
Mohamed Kamal, A.L., AboElsoud, M.E. (2023). Modeling economic growth factors in Egypt: A quantile regression approach. Heliyon 9:e13143.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13143
Nkonya, E., Mirzabaev, A., Von Braun, J. (2016). Economics of land degradation and improvement – a global assessment for sustainable development. Cham, Springer.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19168-3
Nowak, D.J., Hoehn, R., Crane, D.E. (2007). Oxygen production by urban trees in the United States. Arboric. Urban Forest. 33:220-226.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2007.026
Oettera, D.R., Cohenb, W.B., Berterretchea, M., Maiersperger, T.K., Kennedy, R.E. (2000). Land cover mapping in an agricultural setting using multi seasonal thematic mapper data. Remote Sens. Environ. 76:139-155.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00202-9
Östlund, L., Bergman, I., Zackrisson, O. (2004). Trees for food – a 3000 year record of subarctic plant use. Antiquity 78:278-286.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00112943
Othow, O.O., Gebre, S.L., Gemeda, D.O. (2017). Analyzing the rate of land use and land cover change and determining the causes of forest cover change in Gog District, Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia. J. Remote Sens. GIS 6:4.
Peng, J., Zhao, Z., Yin, G. (2022). Evaluation of urban land resource value based on sustainable environment space governance. Alex. Eng. J. 61:5585-5593.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.11.042
Pontius, R.G., Shusas, E., McEachern, M. (2004). Detecting important categorical land changes while accounting for persistence. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 101:251–268.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.09.008
Reuveny, R., Mihalache-O’Keef, A., Li, Q. (2010). The effect of warfare on the environment. Peace Res. 47:749-761.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343310382069
Saxena, A. (2023). Deteriorating environmental quality with special reference to war and its impact on climate change. Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett. 21:1-4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-023-01279-y
Sharp, J.M. (2020). Yemen: Civil war and regional intervention. Congressional Research Service. Available from: https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43960
Shebanina, O., Kormyshkin, I., Bondar, A., Bulba, I., Ualkhanov, B. (2023). Ukrainian soil pollution before and after the Russian invasion. Int. J. Environ. Stud. 81:208-215.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2023.2245288
Solomon, N., Hishe, H., Annang, T., Pabi, O., Asante, I.K., Birhane, E. (2018). Forest cover change, key drivers and community perception in Wujig Mahgo Waren Forest of Northern Ethiopia. Land (Basel) 7:32.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land7010032
Struyk, R.J. (2005). Housing policy issues in a rich country with high population growth: the case of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Rev. Urban Reg. Dev. Stud. 17:140-161.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-940X.2005.00099.x
Thabet, A.A.K., Al-Eryani, S.M.A., Aziz, N.A., Obadi, M., Saleh, M. (2013). Epidemiological characterization of Chikungunya outbreak in Lahj Governorate, Southern Yemen. Commun. Med. Health Educ. 3:247.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000247
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2022). Humanitarian Needs Overview Yemen. Available from: https://humanitarianaction.info/plan/1077
United Nations Population Funds (2022). World Population Prospects. Yemen Population 2023. Available from: https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population/YE
United States Agency for International Development. (2016). Climate Change Risk Profile: Yemen. Available from: https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MX8Q.pdf
Van Damme, K. (2022). Nature and people in the Socotra Archipelago. UNESCO.
World Bank. (2017). Dire straits: the crisis surrounding poverty, conflict, and water in the Republic of Yemen. Washington, DC, World Bank.
World Bank. (2020). Yemen dynamic needs assessment. Available from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/yemen/brief/updated-dynamic-needs-assessment-for-yemen
World Wildlife Fund. (2015). Living Forests Report Chapter 5: Saving forests at risk. Washington, DC, World Wildlife.
Ziskin, D., Baugh, K.E., Hsu, F.-C., Elvidge, C.D. (2010). Methods used for the 2006 radiance lights. Proc. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network Meeting. Available from: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/eog/pubs/APAN_30_Ziskin.pdf
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7125/APAN.30.18
How to Cite
Mekonnen Alemu, M., Gadain, H. and Libanda, B. (2024) “Understanding land use and land cover change in a prolonged conflict affected farming system: the case of Tuban district, Yemen”, Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 56(1). doi: 10.4081/jae.2024.1635.
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Farshad Haghjooy Maklavani, Mohammad Gholami Parashkoohi, Davood Mohammad Zamani, Hamed Afshari, Investigating the impact of integrating land consolidation with agricultural mechanization on the technical, energy, and environmental dimensions of paddy production , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 56 No. 1 (2025)
- Giulio Senes, Natalia Fumagalli, Paolo Stefano Ferrario, Daniele Gariboldi, Roberto Rovelli, Municipal community gardens in the metropolitan area of Milano. Assessment and planning criteria , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 47 No. 2 (2016)
- Lei Liu, Xianliang Wang, Xiaokang Zhong, Xiangcai Zhang, Yuanle Geng, Hua Zhou, Tao Chen, Design and experiment of furrow side pick-up soil blade for wheat strip-till planter using the discrete element method , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 55 No. 1 (2024)
- Ossama M. M. Abdelwahab, Ronald L. Bingner, Fabio Milillo, Francesco Gentile, Effectiveness of alternative management scenarios on the sediment load in a Mediterranean agricultural watershed , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 45 No. 3 (2014)
- Lara Riguccio, Giovanna Tomaselli, Laura Carullo, Danilo Verde, Patrizia Russo, Identifying areas suitable for wine tourism through the use of multi-criteria and geographic information system: the method and its application in the countryside around Mount Etna (Sicily) , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 48 No. 2 (2017)
- Lara Riguccio, Laura Carullo, Patrizia Russo, Giovanna Tomaselli, A landscape project for the coexistence of agriculture and nature: a proposal for the coastal area of a Natura 2000 site in Sicily (Italy) , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 47 No. 2 (2016)
- Lorenzo Picco, Alessia Tonon, Riccardo Rainato, Mario Aristide Lenzi, Bank erosion and large wood recruitment along a gravel bed river , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 47 No. 2 (2016)
- Federico Preti, Tommaso Letterio, Shallow landslide susceptibility assessment in a data-poor region of Guatemala (Comitancillo municipality) , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 46 No. 3 (2015)
- Maria Elena Menconi, David Grohmann, Statistical assessment of vegetation dynamics within protected areas using remote sensing data , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 44 No. 1 (2013)
- Irene Diti, Daniele Torreggiani, Patrizia Tassinari, Rural landscape and cultural routes: a multicriteria spatial classification method tested on an Italian case study , Journal of Agricultural Engineering: Vol. 46 No. 1 (2015)
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
