https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2024.1640

Calibration and experiments of discrete element flexible model parameters for kiwifruit stalk

Vol. 55 No. 4 (2024)
Published: 2 December 2024
Kiwifruit stalks, discrete element, bonding model, parameter calibration
Abstract Views: 0
PDF: 0
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

Zhi He
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
Xinting Ding
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Wei Hao
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Kai Li
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Weixin Gong
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
Zixu Li
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
Yongjie Cui
agriculturalrobot@nwafu.edu.cn
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.

A method combining experimental and simulation optimization was used to calibrate parameters to enhance the accuracy of discrete element model parameters during kiwifruit stem separation. First, physical experiments were conducted to determine the intrinsic and contact parameters of kiwifruit stalk. Second, the mechanical parameters of the kiwifruit stalks were determined using three-point bending and shear tests. On this basis, simulation tests were conducted on kiwifruit stalks by combining the Hertz-Mindlin model with a bonding model, and the optimal combination of bonding parameters was confirmed using the bending strength and maximum shear force. Finally, a discrete element model of the kiwifruit was built with the determined bonding parameters and simulated, and the reliability of the model was verified through mechanical tests. The results showed that the density was 867.5 kg/m3, Poisson's ratio was 0.26, the modulus of elasticity was 3.25 × 108 Pa, the recovery coefficient between the fruit stalks and steel parts was 0.365, and the average values of the static and dynamic friction coefficients between the kiwifruit stalks and steel parts were 0.268 and 0.152, respectively. The kiwifruit stem bonding parameters were normal stiffness per unit area kn=7.201×1011 N/m3, shear stiffness per unit area kt=2.379×1011 N/m3, critical normal stress σmax=5.937×108 Pa, critical shear stress tmax = 2.354×109 Pa, and bonded disc radius Rj=0.164 mm. Compared with the results of the mechanical tests, the relative errors of the bending strength and maximum shear of the discrete element model were 2.13% and 2.84%, respectively. The results showed that the discrete element model improves the simulation of the bending and shearing processes of kiwifruit stalks and is capable of characterizing the physical properties of kiwifruit stalks. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the optimal design of end effectors.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Chen, Y., Sadek, M.A., Guzman, L. Lague, C., Landry, H. 2014. Simulation of tensile tests of hemp fibre using discrete element method. CIGR J. 16:126-135.
Ding, X.T., Li, K., Hao, W., Yang, Q.C., Yan, F.X., Cui, Y.J. 2023. Calibration of simulation parameters of camellia oleifera seeds based on RSM and GA-BP-GA optimization. Trans. Chinese Soc. Agric Mach. 54:139-150.
Ding, X.T, Wang B.B, He, Z, Yang, Q.C., Cui, Y.J. 2023 Fast and precise DEM parameter calibration for Cucurbita ficifolia seeds. Biosyst. Eng. 236:258-276.
Fang, M., Yu, Z., Zhang, W., Cao, J., Liu, W., 2022. Friction coefficient calibration of corn stalk particle mixtures using Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology. Powder Technol. 396:731-742.
He, Z., Ma L., Wang Y.C., Wei, Y.Z., Ding, X.T., Li, K., Cui, Y.J. 2022. Double-arm cooperation and implementing for harvesting kiwifruit. Agriculture (Basel) 12:1763
Horabik, J., Molenda, M., 2016. Parameters and contact models for DEM simulations of agricultural granular materials: A review. Biosyst. Eng. 147:206-225.
Jiang, P., Li, Y., Li, J., Meng, H., Peng, X., Zhang, B., et al. 2021. Experimental research on the bending and fracture characteristics of cotton stalk. Trans. ASABE 64:1771-1779.
Kafashan, J., Wiacek, J., Ramon, H., Mouazen, A.M., 2021. Modelling and simulation of fruit drop tests by discrete element method. Biosyst. Eng. 212:228-240.
Liao, Y.T, Liao, Q.X, Zhou Y., Wang, Z.T., Jiang, Y.J., Liang F. 2020. Parameters calibration of discrete element model of fodderrape crop harvest in bolting stage. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Machin. 51:73-82.
Li, J., Lu, Y., Peng, X., Jiang, P., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., et al. 2023. Discrete element method for simulation and calibration of cotton stalk contact parameters. Bioresources 18:400-416.
Liu, Y., Zhao, J., Yin, B., Ma, Z., Hao, J., Yang, X., et al. 2022. Discrete element modelling of the yam root-soil complex and its verification. Biosyst. Eng. 220:55-72.
Li, J., Liu, X., Zou, L., Yuan, J., Du, S., 2020. Analysis of the interaction between end-effectors, soil and asparagus during a harvesting process based on discrete element method. Biosyst. Eng. 196:127-144.
Leblicq, T., Smeets, B., Ramon, H., Saeys, W., 2016a. A discrete element approach for modelling the compression of crop stems. Comput. Electron. Agric. 123:80-88.
Leblicq, T., Smeets, B., Vanmaercke, S., Ramon, H., Saeys, W., 2016b. A discrete element approach for modelling bendable crop stems. Comput. Electron. Agric. 124:141-149.
Mu, L.T., Liu, H.Z., Cui, Y.J. 2018. Mechanized technologies for scaffolding cultivation in the kiwifruit industry: a review. Inf. Process. Agric. 5:401-410.
Ma, Y.H., Song, C.D., Xuan, C.Z. 2020. Parameters calibration of discrete element model for alfalfa straw compression simulation. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 36:22-30.
Suo, R., Gao, F.F., Zhou Z.X., Fu, L.S., Song, Z.Z., Dhupia, J., Cui, Y.J. 2020. Improved multi-classes kiwifruit detection in orchard to avoid collisions during robotic picking. Comput. Electron. Agric. 182:106052.
Schramm, M., Tekeste, M.Z., 2022. Wheat straw direct shear simulation using discrete element method of fibrous bonded model. Biosyst. Eng. 213:1-12.
Sadrmanesh V., Chen, Y. 2018 Simulation of tensile behavior of plant fibers using the discrete element method (DEM). Compos. Part A-Appl. S. 114:196-203.
Sadek, M.A., Chen, Y., Lagu,C. 2011. Characterization of the shear properties of hemp fiber and core using the discrete element method. Trans. ASABE 54:2279-2285.
Ucgul, M., Saunders, C., Fielke, J.M., 2017. Discrete element modelling of top soil burial using a full scale mouldboard plough under field conditions. Biosyst. Eng. 160:140-153.
Yuan, J. 2020. Research progress analysis of robotics selective harvesting technologies. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Machin. 51:1-17.
Zeng, Z.W., Ma, X., Cao, X.L., Li, R.H., Wang, X.C. 2021. Critical review of applications of discrete element method in agricultural engineering. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Machin. 52:1-20.
Zhang, S.L., Zhao, H.B., Wang X.Z., Dong J.X., Zhao, P.F., Yang F.F., et al. 2023. Discrete element modeling and shear properties of the maize stubble-soil complex. Comput. Electron. Agric. 204:107519.
Zhang, T., Zhao, M., Liu, F., Tian, H., Wulan, T., Yue, Y., Li, D., 2020. A discrete element method model of corn stalk and its mechanical characteristic parameters. Bioresources 15:9337-9350.
Zhang, B., Xie, Y., Zhou, J., Wang, K., Zhang, Z., 2020. State-of-the-art robotic grippers, grasping and control strategies, as well as their applications in agricultural robots: A review. Comput. Electron. Agric. 177:105694.
Zhao, W., Chen, M., Xie, J., Cao, S., Wu, A., Wang, Z., 2023. Discrete element modeling and physical experiment research on the biomechanical properties of cotton stalk. Comput. Electron. Agric. 204:107502.
Wang, Y., Zhang, Y.T., Yang, Y., Zhao, H.M., Yang, C.H., He, Y., et al. 2020. Discrete element modelling of citrus fruit stalks and its verification. Biosyst. Eng. 200:400-4.
Williams, H., Jones, M.H., Nejati, M., Seabright, M.J., Bell, J., Penhall, N.D., et al. 2019. Robotic kiwifruit harvesting using machine vision, convolutional neural networks, and robotic arms. Biosyst. Eng. 181:140-156.
Williams, H., Nejati, M., Hussein, S., Penhall, N., Lim, J.Y., Jones, M.H., et al. 2020. Autonomous pollination of individual kiwifruit flowers: Toward a robotic kiwifruit pollinator. J. Field Robot 37:246-262.
Wang, J., Xu, C., Xu, W., Fu, Z., Wang, Q., Tang, H., 2022. Discrete element method simulation of rice grain motion during discharge with an auger operated at various inclinations. Biosyst. Eng. 223:97-115.
Wang, X., Li, P., He, J., Wei, W., Huang, Y. 2021. Discrete element simulations and experiments of soil-winged subsoiler interaction. Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng. 14:50-62.
Wu, K., Song, Y. 2022. Research progress analysis of crop stalk cutting theory and method. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Machin. 53:1-20.
Zhi He, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling

Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi, Cnina

How to Cite

He, Z. (2024) “Calibration and experiments of discrete element flexible model parameters for kiwifruit stalk”, Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 55(4). doi: 10.4081/jae.2024.1640.
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s) Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.


Similar Articles

<< < 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.